Today we will talk about how both States (countries) function in their internal organizations regarding the regime and government system.
Government regimes are, basically, the ways that governments define their application and dissolution of power before their people.
Government system is nothing more than the organization of a state and the ways in which its leaders are chosen:
I) Islamic Republic of Iran:
Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
Iran is an Islamic Republic with a political system that combines elements of a "democracy" and theocracy.
Iran's supreme leader is the Ayatollah, who wields significant powers and is considered the country's highest authority in both religious and political matters.
The Iranian political system is based on a complex structure, with multiple institutions that share governing power.
The President of Iran is the head of state and government, elected by popular vote every four years. However, the supreme leader has powers that surpass those of the president, being able to intervene in crucial matters.
Legislative power is exercised by the Majlis, the Iranian parliament, made up of representatives elected by the people every four years. The Majlis is responsible for approving laws, budgets and controlling the government.
Additionally, the Guardian Council, made up of members appointed by the supreme leader and experts in Islamic law, has veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis, as well as overseeing elections to ensure that candidates are aligned with the principles of the Islamic Republic.
Despite being considered a democratic regime (due to the presence of the popular vote system), the political system in Iran is characterized by restrictions and limitations, especially with regard to political participation and individual freedoms, with a strong influence of the interpretation of the Islamic law in the country's legislation.
I.1) Civil rights, individual freedoms, fundamental rights and gender equality in Iran:
In Iran, civil rights are often restricted, especially with regard to freedom of expression, freedom of the press and freedom of association. Government critics, activists, journalists and political dissidents face harassment, arrests and even violence from authorities.
With regard to fundamental rights, Iran has been the target of criticism from international human rights organizations due to systematic violations, including large-scale executions, use of torture, restrictions on freedom of religion and belief, among other violations.
Regarding gender equality, women in Iran face numerous legal and social restrictions that limit their rights and opportunities. Issues such as marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance and political participation are highly regulated and favor men over women.
I.2) Women's rights in Iran:
In Iran, women face numerous legal and social restrictions that limit their rights and opportunities in many aspects of life. Some of the areas where women in Iran face challenges include:
1. Dress Legislation: Women in Iran are required to follow a strict Islamic dress code, which includes covering their hair and wearing clothing that covers the body. Non-compliance with these rules may result in legal and social punishments.
2. Marriage and divorce: Family laws in Iran favor men in matters of marriage, divorce, child custody and inheritance. Women face challenges in obtaining a divorce and often have fewer rights than men in these matters.
3. Political participation: Although women in Iran have the right to vote and run for political office, they face challenges regarding political representation and active participation in the country's political sphere.
4. Education and employment: Women in Iran still face inequalities in access to education, employment opportunities and equal pay compared to men.
5. Domestic violence and rights to safety: Domestic violence is a serious problem in Iran and laws and policies to protect women from violence are virtually non-existent.
ll) State of Israel (מדינת ישראל)
Israel has a form of government called parliamentary democracy, which means that political power is exercised by Parliament, called the Knesset. The Knesset is made up of representatives elected by the people in general elections every few years.
The head of state in Israel is the president, who has mainly ceremonial and representative functions. The head of government is the prime minister, who is the leader of the party coalition that holds a majority in the Knesset. The prime minister exercises executive power and is responsible for the administration of the government.
Furthermore, Israel also has an independent justice system, with the Supreme Court as the country's highest judicial body. The ethnic, religious and cultural diversity in Israel also influences the country's political and social landscape.
In Israel, democracy is an integral part of the structure of the country, which is a parliamentary republic with a multi-party democratic system. Democracy in Israel is expressed through periodic elections, civil and political freedoms, separation of powers and respect for the fundamental rights of citizens.
Some aspects of democracy in Israel include:
1. Elections: Israel holds general elections every four years to elect members of the Knesset, the Israeli parliament. Citizens have the right to vote and be voted for, guaranteeing democratic representation in the country.
2. Separation of Powers: The Israeli political system follows the principle of separation of powers between the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary, guaranteeing the independence and autonomy of each of these powers.
3. Freedom of Expression: Israel protects freedom of expression, press and association, enabling the free debate of ideas and opinions in Israeli society.
4. Individual Rights: Israel guarantees fundamental individual rights, such as equality before the law, the right to privacy, the right to cultural and religious identity, among others.
5. Active Civil Society: Israel has an active and diverse civil society, with a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), human rights groups and social movements that play an important role in promoting democracy and defending the rights of people citizens.
In Israel, individual freedoms, gender equality, political pluralism and fundamental rights are guaranteed and protected by legislation and society. I'll tell you a little about each of these aspects:
1. Individual Freedoms: Israel protects the individual freedoms of its citizens, including freedom of expression, association, religion and movement. Freedom of the press is a pillar of Israeli society, with a vibrant and diverse press that plays a key role in disseminating information and promoting public debate.
2. Gender Equality: Israel promotes gender equality and has laws that protect women's rights, including labor laws, anti-discrimination laws and measures to combat gender-based violence. Women have the right to vote, run for political office and hold leadership positions in various sectors of society.
3. Political Pluralism: Israel is known for its pluralistic and multi-party political system, with a diversity of political parties representing different ideologies and interests. Free and fair elections allow citizens to express their opinions and choose their representatives in parliament.
4. Fundamental Rights: Israel guarantees fundamental rights, such as the right to life, liberty, property and equality before the law. The country also recognizes the rights of minorities and protects the cultural and religious diversity of its population.
In the Israeli army, gender equality is taken very seriously! 🚺🚹 Women in Israel have an obligation to military service, just like men, and perform a wide range of roles within the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
Women can serve in combat roles, including infantry, tank and air force units. The IDF has policies and programs designed to promote gender equality, ensuring that women have the same opportunities to develop their military careers and reach leadership positions.
Additionally, the IDF also provides support and assistance to pregnant women, mothers and those in need of child care, to ensure they can balance their family responsibilities with military service.
This inclusive and egalitarian approach has been praised internationally and reflects Israel's commitment to gender equality and valuing women's contributions to the country's defense.
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